Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems formed by the accumulation of calcium carbonate structures created by coral polyps. Known as the “rainforests of the sea,” these reefs support a vast array of marine life and provide essential habitat for various species. Coral polyps, in a symbiotic relationship with algae, form the building blocks of the reef. However, coral reefs face threats such as climate change, coral bleaching, overfishing, and pollution. They are economically vital, supporting fisheries and tourism. Global conservation efforts aim to protect and restore coral reefs through initiatives like marine protected areas and sustainable practices. Preserving these ecosystems is crucial for marine biodiversity, coastal protection, and the well-being of communities dependent on reef resources.