The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest enclosed inland body of water, located between Europe and Asia. Here are some key facts about the Caspian Sea:

1. Geography: The Caspian Sea is bordered by five countries: Russia to the north, Kazakhstan to the northwest, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Iran to the south, and Azerbaijan to the southwest.
2. Size: The Caspian Sea covers an area of approximately 371,000 square kilometers (143,000 square miles). It is sometimes considered the world’s largest lake due to its landlocked nature, but it is often referred to as a sea because of its size.
3. Salinity: The Caspian Sea has varying salinity levels, with the northern part being less saline due to the inflow of freshwater from rivers. The southern part, however, is more saline. The Volga River, the longest river in Europe, is the major contributor of freshwater to the northern Caspian.
4. Oil and Gas Reserves: The Caspian Sea region is known for its significant oil and natural gas reserves. Several countries along its shores, particularly Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, have developed oil and gas industries.
5. Caspian Sea Legal Status: The legal status of the Caspian Sea has been a subject of negotiation among the bordering countries. Historically, it was divided among the Soviet Union, Iran, and, after the Soviet Union’s dissolution, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan. In 2018, the five littoral states signed the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, which aims to establish a legal framework for its use and resources.
6. Biodiversity: The Caspian Sea is home to various species of fish, including sturgeon, which is known for its valuable roe (caviar). Overfishing, pollution, and changes in the environment have raised concerns about the Caspian’s ecosystem.
7. Caspian Sea Littoral States: The five countries bordering the Caspian Sea have economic and geopolitical interests in the region. The sea serves as a vital transportation route, and the coastal nations collaborate on issues such as resource management, environmental protection, and security.
8. Caspian Sea as a Tourism Destination: The Caspian Sea region, with its diverse landscapes and historical sites, has become a destination for tourism and recreation. Popular resorts and attractions are found along its shores, offering a mix of cultural and natural experiences.

The Caspian Sea’s strategic location, economic significance, and environmental challenges make it a region of geopolitical importance and ongoing international cooperation.