Ghost in the Shell is a renowned Japanese cyberpunk franchise that originated as a manga series by Masamune Shirow. The narrative unfolds in a futuristic, cyberpunk world, focusing on Major Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg policewoman working for the special operations task force Section 9. The franchise explores complex themes such as artificial intelligence, consciousness, and the integration of technology with humanity. The animated films, particularly the 1995 classic directed by Mamoru Oshii, are foundational works in the cyberpunk genre. They follow Major Kusanagi as she investigates cybercrimes and encounters enigmatic hackers. The TV series, “Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex,” extends the narrative, presenting alternate timelines and further exploring cyber-related crimes and political intrigue.

In 2017, a live-action adaptation was released, directed by Rupert Sanders and featuring Scarlett Johansson as Major Kusanagi. While the film aimed to introduce the franchise to a broader international audience, it faced controversy due to casting choices. Throughout its iterations, the “Ghost in the Shell” franchise delves into philosophical and ethical questions, addressing the nature of consciousness, identity, and the societal implications of advanced technology.