Minimalist architecture is a design approach characterized by simplicity, clean lines, and an emphasis on functionality. It emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction against the ornate and elaborate styles that preceded it. Here are some key characteristics and principles of minimalist architecture:

1. Simplicity: Minimalist architecture focuses on simplicity and the use of essential elements. It often involves reducing a design to its necessary components, eliminating unnecessary ornamentation or decoration.
2. Clean Lines: Straight lines and geometric shapes are prevalent in minimalist design. Architectural elements such as walls, windows, and roofs are often characterized by clean, crisp lines.
3. Open Spaces: Minimalist architecture often prioritizes open and uncluttered spaces. This can create a sense of openness and airiness within a structure.
4. Limited Color Palette: A minimalist color palette typically consists of neutral colors such as white, gray, black, and earth tones. This contributes to a sense of calmness and simplicity.
5. Functional Design: Functionality is a key principle of minimalist architecture. Spaces are designed with a focus on their intended purpose, and unnecessary features are eliminated.
6. Natural Light: Minimalist designs often maximize the use of natural light. Large windows and glass walls are common, allowing ample sunlight to enter the space and contribute to the overall design.
7. Materials: Minimalist architecture often utilizes a select few high-quality materials. Common materials include concrete, glass, steel, and natural woods. The goal is to showcase the beauty of these materials without unnecessary embellishment.
8. Spatial Hierarchy: Minimalist design may create a hierarchy of spaces, with certain areas serving as focal points. This hierarchy is achieved through strategic placement of architectural elements and the careful consideration of proportions.
9. Attention to Detail: While minimalist designs may appear simple, great attention is given to the details. Every element, no matter how small, is carefully considered and contributes to the overall aesthetic.
10. De-cluttered Interiors: Interiors in minimalist architecture are often free from excess furniture and decorations. Each piece is selected for its functionality and aesthetic contribution, promoting a sense of order and tranquility.

Prominent architects associated with minimalist architecture include Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who coined the famous phrase “less is more,” and Japanese architect Tadao Ando, known for his use of simple geometric forms and raw materials.

Minimalist architecture is not just a visual style; it’s a design philosophy that seeks to create spaces that are functional, harmonious, and free from unnecessary complexity.